IELTS Writing Task 1: Describing A Line Graph
Useful Introductory Expressions:
• The graph shows/indicates/illustrates/reveals/represents…
• It is clear from the graph/table…
• It can be seen from the graph/table…
• As the graph/table shows,…
• As can be seen from the graph/table,…
• As is shown by the graph/table,…
• As is illustrated by the graph/table,…
• From the graph/table it is clear….
• It is always best to avoid using personal pronouns. Instead of saying We can see from the graph…, it is better to use the passive or impersonal constructions.
Most of the above expressions can be followed by a clause starting with that.
Several of the above expressions can be followed by a noun or noun phrase.
Several of the above expressions must be followed by the main clause.
Useful Time Expressions:
over the next… / for the following… (for the following two months… over the next six months…)
from … to/between… and (from June to August… between June and August…)
during (during the first three months…)
Warning!
A percent is the word form of the symbol %. We can write for 10% or 10 percent. The percentage is the noun form: The percentage of children using supplements. NOT The percent of children…
Note!
We can use a combination of an adjective + noun, or verb + adverb, to avoid repeating the same phrase.
Example: There was a sharp decrease in the numbers. The numbers decreased sharply.
IELTS Writing Task 1: Introduction
• In the IELTS writing module, the most complicated part is writing the introduction. If you have a good technique for this, then the rest of the task is easy.
• The first thing to note is that writing about Tables, Graphs, and Diagrams is not the same as writing an essay in IELTS writing task 2.
• We are NOT asked to give our opinion on the information, but generally to write a report describing the information factually.
• It is NOT necessary to write an introduction like in an essay for this writing task. We are writing a report, which means that we do NOT begin with a broad general statement about the topic.
• We do NOT need to write a conclusion which gives any kind of opinion about the significance of the information.
Three Steps To Keep In Mind
1. Identify the main idea behind the graph or table. This will be the focus of your first sentence.
2. Consider the details of what is being shown – the units of measurement and the time frame – and decide how much you need to include.
3. Consider the language to use – the introductory expressions, the tenses of the verbs, the correct expressions of time or measurement
Three Possible Ways To Start
1. Refer to the visual directly (e.g. This graph shows the population of Canada in from 1867 up to 2007.) However, this method is not advisable, since the instructions in the IELTS test will normally give you just this information. If you copy directly from the paper you are wasting time, since the examiner cannot assess your English from a copied sentence.
2. Refer directly to the main message conveyed by the visual (e.g. There was a sharp increase in the population of Canada from 1867 up to 2007.) This way is perfectly acceptable and shows that you are able to recognize the main concept or message that the graph or table shows.
3. Combine the two (e.g. The graph shows that there was a sharp increase in the population of Canada from 1867 up to 2007.) This is also acceptable and is often used as a convenient way to start. In order to use this method, it is necessary to use a few fixed expressions, which refer to the text itself, like those below.
SAMPLE SENTENCES
• There was a substantial increase in the value of stocks on March 15th.
• House prices rose dramatically in July.
• The number of tourists visiting New York fell sharply in October.
• The percentage of students walking to school continued to rise gradually over the ten year period from 2000-2010.
• There was a sharp increase in employee turnover after the strike.
• Interest in environmental issues has risen steadily over the last 10 years.
MORE USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
1. Percent – the word percent comes after a number
Examples:
More than 25% of the students are from Brazil.
More than 25 percent of the students come from Brazil.
2. Percentage – The word percentage comes after words like the, a, this and that. Often, it is preceded by an adjective.
Examples:
A small percentage of residents have lived in the building for more than 20 years.
The percentage of students who live on campus has fallen sharply since the fire.
3. For numbers up to ten, write the numbers in words. For numbers over 10, you can write the numbers in numbers.
Examples:
Five percent of the employees were late this month.
More than 50 percent of the students handed in their assignments late after the long weekend.
4. If the sentence starts with a number, always write it in words.
Examples: Wrong: 25 students were from China.
Right: Twenty-five students were from China.
Approximations, Percentages, And Fractions
In many of the IELTS writing task 1 questions, we will have to deal with percentages. This is a good opportunity to express these percentages in a different way and boost our score. A way of varying this language is to express them as fractions or proportions.
Remember that we should vary our language as much as possible in order to score high in the ‘lexical resource’ part of the test.
It is also fine to use approximations, for example, ‘49%’ can be expressed as ‘nearly a half’.
Tenses
Using appropriate tenses in IELTS writing task 1 is essential for a high band score.
The key is to look at the title of the chart and the information contained on both axes to establish what time frame is used. This will help us establish what tense we should use.
Example:
• If the time is one point in the past, for example, January 1990, then we should use the past tense.
• If it has projections for the future, for example, 2045, we use future tenses.
• It there is no time, we use the present simple.
Summarising
IELTS writing task 1 is essentially a summarising task. The overview paragraph should contain two or three sentences summarizing the main features of the graph. Here are some short phrases that can be used.
• To summarise, the most marked change is….
• Overall it is clear….
• Overall the majority/minority….
• In sum, the most noticeable trend is….
Don’t use ‘to conclude’. This is only for discursive essays.
